Skip to content

Demographics

This year's survey reached 9,704 developers throughout the world.

Your Country or Region

While the U.S. still represented the largest single demographic, we were still happy to see a good mix of countries among the rest of our respondents – although Asia sadly continues to be under-represented.

0%
5%
10%
15%
19%
24%
1

USA

1,135
2

Germany

607
3

United Kingdom

425
4

France

399
5

Russia

287
6

Netherlands

267
7

Spain

229
8

Canada

210
9

Poland

200
10

Sweden

160
11

Australia

149
12

Brazil

134
13

Italy

134
14

India

121
15

Japan

114
16

Czechia

112
17

Ukraine

100
18

Norway

88
19

Switzerland

87
20

Belgium

83
21

Over Limit

1,632
0%
5%
10%
15%
19%
24%
% of question respondents
Where do you currently reside?
💡
You'll find little hints like this one throughout the survey results that will point out extra features and details.

CSS isn't doing great among Gen Alpha respondents, possibly because they're too busy playing Fortnite. Wait, Fortnite is still a thing right…?

0%
8%
17%
25%
34%
42%
1

<20

196
2

20-29

1,826
3

30-39

2,829
4

40-49

1,402
5

50-59

386
6

>60

98
0%
8%
17%
25%
34%
42%
% of question respondents
How old are you, in years?

Years of Experience

This chart reveals that most respondents were lucky enough to never have to deal with float-based positioning.

0%
5%
10%
15%
21%
26%
1

0-4 years

1,233
2

5-9 years

1,763
3

10-14 years

1,391
4

15-19 years

960
5

20-24 years

875
6

25-29 years

471
7

Over 30 years

168
0%
5%
10%
15%
21%
26%
% of question respondents
How long have you been working or studying in this field, in years?
We asked members of the CSS community to share their “pick of the year”

My 2024 Pick: :has()

The :has pseudo class allows you to create really creative things. But it also allows you to “go upstream”, for example a map that changes shape when you hover one of its child elements.
We asked members of the CSS community to share their “pick of the year”

Augustin Mauroy

Web Developer & OSS Enthusiast

Company Size

The larger the company, the higher the salary. Although if you're good enough, our data shows that you can earn a decent living no matter your company's size.

0%
4%
8%
12%
16%
21%
1

1

654
2

1-5

569
3

6-10

464
4

11-20

611
5

21-50

785
6

51-100

723
7

101-1000

1,416
8

>1000

1,187
9

N/A

466
0%
4%
8%
12%
16%
21%
% of question respondents
How big is your company, in number of employees?
💡
Some charts feature additional tabs that offer complementary breakdowns of the same data, or related data. Make sure to check them out!

Yearly Salary

While we often hear tales of six-figure salaries out of Silicon Valley, the reality is that most front-end developers throughout the world earn far less, as becomes apparent when directly comparing the U.S. and the rest of the world.

0%
3%
6%
9%
12%
16%
1

$0k-$20k

726
2

$20k-$40k

894
3

$40k-$60k

999
4

$60k-$80k

920
5

$80k-$100k

663
6

$100k-$150k

817
7

$150k-$200k

365
8

>$200k

231
9

N/A

829
0%
3%
6%
9%
12%
16%
% of question respondents
Your yearly salary in U.S. dollar.

Higher Education Degree

While having a degree will ensure you earn more, turns out it doesn't necessarily have to be related to programming – a good sign for the many among us who discovered a passion for web development further along in life.

0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
1

No

1,826
2

Yes, related field

3,419
3

Yes, unrelated field

1,588
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
% of question respondents
Do you have a higher education degree?
We asked members of the CSS community to share their “pick of the year”

My 2024 Pick: Style Queries and if()

My pick would be style queries and inline if(). Once these two ship everywhere, the amount of things we can do with CSS variables will improve tenfold.
We asked members of the CSS community to share their “pick of the year”

Lea Verou

Product Lead at Font Awesome

Canada, Spain, the U.K., and the U.S. had the highest proportion of women respondents. Our data also shows women's income to be lagging compared to other groups. While the reasons behind this are beyond the scope of this report, it’s clear that women in our industry do face some unique challenges.

0%
17%
35%
52%
70%
87%
1

Man

5,985
2

Woman

712
3

Non-Binary or GNC

152
4

Not Listed

18
0%
17%
35%
52%
70%
87%
% of question respondents
While we know collecting and publishing diversity data can be a sensitive issue, we do think it's important to obtain this data to help measure and improve the survey's efforts in terms of inclusivity and representativeness.
Which of the following options describes you, if any? Please pick one.

Race & Ethnicity

Non-white respondents were more likely to be younger and have less experience – which hopefully points to a ongoing diversification of the industry.

0%
16%
31%
47%
62%
78%
1

White

4,758
2

Hispanic/Latin

596
3

East Asian

333
4

Middle Eastern

199
5

South Asian

175
6

SE Asian

151
7

Multiracial

139
8

Black/African Descent

122
9

European

10

Native American/Pacific Islander/Indigenous Australian

22
11

Slav

12

Jewish

13

Other Answers

84
0%
16%
31%
47%
62%
78%
% of question respondents
While we know collecting and publishing diversity data can be a sensitive issue, we do think it's important to obtain this data to help measure and improve the survey's efforts in terms of inclusivity and representativeness.
Which of the following options describe you, if any? Please check all that apply.

Disability Status

Thanks to the continued efforts of accessibility advocates, we now accept the fact that disabilities (permanent or not) should be taken into account as part of the design & development process.

0%
15%
30%
45%
60%
75%
1

Cognitive impairments

1,037
2

Visual impairments

362
3

Hearing impairments

201
4

Mobility impairments

182
5

🚫 None

4,516
6

Other Answers

94
0%
15%
30%
45%
60%
75%
% of question respondents
Which of the following disabilities do you experience, if any? Please check all that apply. Note that this can include temporary disabilities or injuries.

While most respondents knew about the survey from previous years, Kevin Powell also sent a large chunk of survey takers our way.

0%
11%
22%
33%
45%
56%
2

5

Workplace

0%
11%
22%
33%
45%
56%
% of question respondents
Respondent source is computed based on referrer data, URL tracking data, and self-reported answers.

Recommended Resources

Learn CSS, from Laying Out Websites to Performant Animations

Learn CSS, from Laying Out Websites to Performant Animations

CSS is rich in capabilities and is more than simply laying out pages! Replace costly JavaScript with CSS.
Thanks to our partners for supporting us! Learn more.