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State of CSS 2024

Uso do CSS

No matter how you use CSS, the data shows that making sure your code works across all browsers is still a concern, especially for newer features such as :has().

Factor de Forma

An encouraging sign of accessibility's growing importance, screen reader testing has gone up from 16.6% to 19% year-over-year.

0%
20%
40%
60%
79%
99%
1

Escritorio

7,133
2

Teléfono intelixente

4,820
3

Tableta

3,108
4

Escritorio só con teclado

2,027
5

Ferramentas de probas (Axe, Lighthouse etc.)

1,907
6

Teléfono básico

1,800
7

Lector de pantalla

1,330
8

Impresora

685
9

Simulador de visión alterada (daltonismo etc.)

398
10

TV

138
11

Reloxio intelixente

34
12

Consola de videoxogos

28
13

Outros

56
0%
20%
40%
60%
79%
99%
% dos enquisados
7,185
74%
Which form factors or environments do you test on?
💡
Está científicamente demostrado que compartir esta enquisa en Twitter, Facebook, ou por correo, mellora o rendemento programando en JavaScript nun 15%.

Para que usar o CSS principalmente?

While this data is unsurprising, it's a nice reminder that CSS can do a lot more than format webpages.

0%
17%
34%
51%
68%
85%
1

Aplicacións web

6,036
2

Blogs ou outros sitios con moito texto

3,394
3

Sitios de márketign e landing pages

3,221
4

Sistemas de deseño

2,792
5

Aplicacións de escritorio

1,862
6

Aplicacións de móbil

1,665
7

Emails

1,202
8

Arte e ilustracións en CSS

581
9

Documentos para imprimir

572
10

E-Commerce sites

11

Outros

118
0%
17%
34%
51%
68%
85%
% dos enquisados
7,114
73%
What kind of project do you usually use CSS for?
We asked members of the CSS community to share their “pick of the year”

My 2024 Pick: linear()

The linear() easing function has enabled phenomenal finishing touches to interactions.
We asked members of the CSS community to share their “pick of the year”

Adam Argyle

Google

Sector industrial

Did you know you can filter this survey's data by Industry Sector? Just click "Add Filters…" on any other chart!

0%
8%
16%
23%
31%
39%
1

Programación e ferramentas tecnolóxicas

2,447
2

Consultoría e servizos

1,394
3

Comercio electrónico e venda ao por menor

1,235
4

Ferramentas de marketing/ventas/análise

846
5

Educación

842
6

Finanzas

731
7

Entretemento

613
8

Novas, medios e blogs

583
9

Saúde

468
10

Goberno

444
0%
8%
16%
23%
31%
39%
% dos enquisados
6,310
65%
En que sector(es) industriais traballas?

CSS Usage

Whether you build websites profesionally or just dabble, there's no wrong way to use CSS!

0%
18%
36%
54%
72%
90%
1

Profesional

6,384
2

Como estudante

186
3

Como pasatempo

501
4

Outros

34
0%
18%
36%
54%
72%
90%
% dos enquisados
7,061
73%
In what context do you primarily use CSS?

Design Methodology

While a large majority of respondents use CSS to implement pre-existing designs, it'll be interesting to see if this changes as design apps evolve, and AI tools become capable of going straight from idea to code.

0%
12%
24%
36%
48%
60%
1

I implement other people's designs

4,216
2

I create my own designs in design apps, and then implement them in CSS

1,004
3

I implement my own designs directly in CSS

1,765
4

Outros

129
0%
12%
24%
36%
48%
60%
% dos enquisados
6,985
72%
Which of these best describes how you primarily design with CSS?

Balance de CSS contra JavaScript

Even in the context of a CSS survey, it turns out a majority of respondents still spend most of their time in the JavaScript ecosystem. Only time will tell if this too will shift now that CSS is becoming more capable.

0%
5%
11%
16%
21%
27%
1

100% CSS

107
2

|

568
3

|

958
4

|

616
5

50%–50%

1,127
6

|

882
7

|

1,913
8

|

914
9

100% JS

40
0%
5%
11%
16%
21%
27%
% dos enquisados
7,125
73%
4.4
5
How do you divide your time between writing CSS (including HTML markup) and JavaScript code?

Incompatibilidades entre navegadores

There are few worse feelings that knowing a new feature will solve your issue perfectly, yet not being able to use it because of poor browser support.

This is the case with Anchor Positioning, a promising new feature that is sadly not yet broadly supported.

Container Queries on the other hand are available at a baseline level and ready to be used, despite showing up in many respondent's answers!

0%
15%
29%
44%
59%
73%
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Scrollbar styling

9

Browser support

10

Animate on Scroll

0%
15%
29%
44%
59%
73%
% dos enquisados
1,549
16%
Are there any existing CSS features that you have difficulties using (or avoid altogether) because of lack of support, or differences between browsers?
(resposta libre)
We asked members of the CSS community to share their “pick of the year”

My 2024 Pick: Getting Stuck: All the Ways position:sticky Can Fail

In all my years in CSS, position: sticky has to be one of the most frustrating capabilities, but it’s also extremely useful. I always wanted to write a guide to help people with that but luckily I don’t need to because Kilian nailed this one.
We asked members of the CSS community to share their “pick of the year”

Andy Bell

Designer, developer and founder of Piccalilli and Set Studio.

Funcionalidades que faltan

In the absence of a magic wand that lets us conjure up any CSS feature we can dream of, the best we can hope for is that this data can help push browser vendors in the right direction!

The good news: conditional logic, mixins, and masonry layouts are all currently being worked on in some form or another!

0%
20%
39%
59%
78%
98%
1

Mixins

2

Conditional Logic

3

Masonry Layout

4

Selector pai

5

6

CSS Functions

7

Better Animations

8

For Loops

9

Soporte de navegadores

10

Scrollbar Styling

0%
20%
39%
59%
78%
98%
% dos enquisados
1,223
13%
What features do you feel are currently missing from CSS altogether?
(resposta libre)

Outros problemas de CSS

While browser support remains the eternal CSS pain point, Tailwind CSS is also proving to be a source of frustration for some – while others complain that it's not used enough!

0%
19%
38%
56%
75%
94%
1

Browser support

2

3

Excessive complexity

4

Safari

5

6

7

Conditional Logic

8

Debugging

9

Animations

10

Layout & positioning

0%
19%
38%
56%
75%
94%
% dos enquisados
1,090
11%
Any other pain points related to writing CSS?
(resposta libre)

Favorite New Feature

Long-awaited feature, sensible implementation, good browser support: :has() has it all, and tops the rankings of the best new CSS feature of 2024!

0%
9%
19%
28%
37%
47%
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

0%
9%
19%
28%
37%
47%
% dos enquisados
2,431
25%
What are your favorite new CSS features that you started using this year?
(resposta libre)
We asked members of the CSS community to share their “pick of the year”

My 2024 Pick: Scroll-driven Animations

This is a game changer that will soon be supported in all major browsers. It's incredible that what once required a lot of JavaScript is now achievable with just a few lines of CSS.
We asked members of the CSS community to share their “pick of the year”

Ahmad Shadeed

Design Engineer and author of Debugging CSS

Estado das tecnoloxías Web

While we do love to complain about the state of thigns, it turns out happiness levels have remained surprisingly constent over the years.

0
1
2
3
4
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
0
1
2
3
4
Media {axis}
7,099
73%
2.9
3
How happy are you with the general state of web technologies?

Estado de CSS

We are even seeing a slight uptick when it comes to CSS specifically, proof that the hard work by browser vendors, working groups, and the CSS community at large is not going unnoticed!

0
1
2
3
4
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
0
1
2
3
4
Media {axis}
7,106
73%
3.1
3
How happy are you with the general state of CSS?

Recursos recomendados

SVG Essentials & Animation, v2
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SVG Essentials & Animation, v2

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Design for Developers
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Design for Developers

Learn how to become self-sufficient for the entire process of execution from concept to design to implementation.
Grazas aos nosos colaboradores por darnos o seu apoio! Saber máis.